If you’ve ever worked on a coding project with more than one developer, you’ve likely heard the term PR or Pull Request. But what exactly does it mean?
A Pull Request (PR) is a feature of Git-based platforms like GitHub and Bitbucket that lets developers propose changes to a codebase. Instead of pushing code directly into the main branch, contributors create a separate branch, make their changes, and then open a PR. This workflow gives the team a chance to:
Review the code for bugs, quality, and readability.
Run automated tests and CI/CD pipelines to ensure nothing breaks.
Discuss and refine changes before merging them into production.
On GitHub, this process is called a Pull Request (PR). On GitLab, the same concept is known as a Merge Request (MR). While the names differ, the idea is the same: PRs provide a structured, collaborative, and safer way to update shared codebases.
What Does “PR” Mean in Coding?
In coding, PR stands for Pull Request. It's best understood as the feature that adds a collaboration layer on top of an underlying version control system.
While a tool like Git provides the core version control by tracking the history of code changes, the PR itself is a mechanism offered by hosting platforms like GitHub, GitLab, and Bitbucket. A developer opens a PR to propose that a set of completed changes, made on a separate branch, is ready to be merged into the main codebase.
This request initiates a formal process team code review providing a dedicated space for discussion, feedback, and quality checks before the new code is integrated. On GitLab, this same concept is called a "Merge Request.".
Why the Term “Pull Request”?
The term "Pull Request" might seem counterintuitive at first. The developer who created the changes is essentially asking the maintainers of the main repository to "pull" their branch into the main branch. It's a request viewed from the repository maintainer's perspective, not a literal pulling of code onto the developer's local machine. To put it simply, as clarified on Reddit: “It’s a request for someone to include some changes that you have made to their code in their codebase.” This highlights that a Pull Request is fundamentally about contributing code to a shared project.
How Pull Requests Fit Into the Git Workflow
Pull Requests are a central component of a collaborative Git workflow. Here's a typical step-by-step process:
Create a branch or fork: A developer starts by creating a new branch in the main repository or by forking the repository and creating a branch in their fork. This isolates their work from the main codebase.
Develop features or fixes: The developer then implements new features or fixes bugs within this isolated branch. They make commits, documenting their changes.
Push commits to your branch: Once the development is complete, the developer pushes their local commits to the remote branch on the code hosting platform.
Open a PR: The developer initiates a Pull Request from their branch to the target branch (usually
mainordevelopment) of the main repository. This is done through the platform's web interface.Trigger automated checks (CI/CD): Opening a Pull Request often triggers an automated Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipeline. This pipeline automatically builds the code and runs a suite of tests (like unit tests, integration tests, and linting checks).. The results are reported back to the Pull Request, giving immediate feedback on whether the changes introduce issues.
Conduct code review, address feedback: Team members review the code changes proposed in the Pull Request. They can provide feedback, ask questions, and request modifications. The original developer addresses this feedback by making further commits to their branch. These changes are automatically reflected in the Pull Request.
Merge the PR: Once the code review is satisfactory and all concerns are addressed, a designated team member (or the developer themselves, depending on the project's policies) merges the Pull Request. This integrates the changes from the developer's branch into the target branch.
This structured flow ensures that all code changes are reviewed and discussed before they become part of the main project.
How a PR Works (Step by Step)
A Pull Request (PR) follows a standard process across most Git-based platforms like GitHub, GitLab, and Bitbucket. Here’s the typical workflow:
Create a new branch
Start from the main (or default) branch.
Give your branch a clear, descriptive name (e.g.,
feature/login-formorbugfix/api-timeout).
Make and commit your changes
Write code, add tests, update documentation.
Commit often with meaningful commit messages.
Push the branch to the remote repository
Share your branch with the team by pushing it to GitHub/GitLab/Bitbucket.
Open a Pull Request (PR)
Select your branch and request to merge it into the target branch (often
mainordevelop).Add a PR title and description explaining what you changed and why.
Request reviews
Assign teammates or code owners to review your work.
Reviewers leave comments, suggestions, or approval.
Address feedback
Make adjustments based on feedback.
Push new commits — they are automatically added to the PR.
Run automated checks
Continuous Integration (CI) runs tests, linters, and security scans.
A PR usually can’t be merged until all checks pass.
Approve and merge
Once reviewers approve and checks pass, the PR is merged.
Branches can be deleted after merging to keep the repo clean.
Pull Requests & Code Review: Why They Matter
Pull Requests provide a structured and organized space for code review, making collaborative coding significantly smoother and more effective. They are not just about merging code; they are about ensuring code quality, sharing knowledge, and fostering collaboration within a team. Through Pull Requests, you can:
Track review status: The platform clearly shows the status of a Pull Request, indicating whether it's open, under review, has pending feedback, or is approved for merging.
Log each commit and feedback: Every commit made in the branch associated with the Pull Request is recorded, along with all the feedback and discussions that take place. This provides a comprehensive history of the changes and the review process.
Avoid merging broken code: The code review step in the Pull Request process acts as a crucial quality gate, helping to identify potential bugs, errors, and inconsistencies before they are integrated into the main codebase. This significantly reduces the risk of deploying broken or unstable software. Techniques like automated code review and strong code integrity practices help here.
According to workflow insights, "Pull requests are a good way for the reviewers to learn as well. Asking questions like ‘why did you do x’ is a great way to learn new things.” This highlights the educational aspect of code review facilitated by Pull Requests.
Best Practices for Reviewing PRs
Reviewing a Pull Request (PR) is just as important as writing one. A good review improves code quality, catches bugs early, and helps teams move faster. Here are some best practices for effective PR reviews:
✅ Do’s for Reviewing PRs
Review promptly → Don’t let PRs sit open for days. Faster reviews keep projects moving.
Focus on correctness and quality → Check logic, security, performance, and adherence to coding standards.
Be constructive → Suggest improvements politely instead of just rejecting code.
Ask clarifying questions → If something isn’t clear, ask instead of assuming.
Test locally if needed → Pull down the branch and run the code when possible.
Leverage automation → Trust linters, tests, and CI pipelines to catch mechanical issues so you can focus on logic and design.
❌ Don’ts for Reviewing PRs
Don’t nitpick minor formatting issues that automated tools can fix.
Don’t approve without fully reading or testing the changes.
Don’t provide vague feedback (e.g., “This looks wrong”) — explain why and suggest a better approach.
PR Review Checklist (Reviewer’s Quick Guide)
Before approving a PR, check that:
The code compiles and runs without errors.
Tests pass locally and in CI/CD.
The PR has clear purpose, title, and description.
Changes are logically grouped and not too large.
Security, performance, and accessibility considerations are addressed.
Documentation or comments are updated if needed.
Common Pitfalls & Misunderstandings
A frequent point of confusion for those new to Git is the distinction between a Pull Request (PR) and the git pull command. They sound similar but serve very different functions. A PR is a formal proposal to merge your contributions into another branch, initiating a code review and discussion. In contrast, git pull directly updates your local repository with changes from a remote one.
Here is a direct comparison:
Feature | Pull Request (PR) |
|
Purpose | To propose, review, and discuss changes before merging them into a central branch. | To fetch changes from a remote repository and merge them into your current local branch. |
Action | A request on a platform like GitHub or GitLab for others to review your code. | A command you run on your local machine ( |
Direction | Pushes your committed changes to a remote repository to be considered for merging into another branch (e.g., | Pulls changes from a remote repository down to your local machine (e.g., |
Developers should also be aware that changes from multiple collaborators can lead to merge conflicts. These occur when different modifications are made to the same part of a file. Such conflicts require manual resolution, where the developer must decide which changes to keep before the merge can be completed. Understanding these distinctions is vital for working effectively in a collaborative setting..
Platform Differences
While the core concept remains consistent, different code hosting platforms use slightly different terminology for Pull Requests:
GitHub: Uses the term Pull Request.
GitLab: Uses the term Merge Request, which serves the same function as a Pull Request.
Bitbucket: Also uses the term Pull Request.
It's essential to understand that regardless of the name, these features all provide a layer on top of Git to facilitate team-based code review and integration workflows. They provide a web-based interface for discussing, reviewing, and managing code changes before they are permanently incorporated into the project's codebase.
Advanced Topics on PRs
Once you understand the basics of Pull Requests (PRs), the next step is learning how to optimize them for efficiency, scalability, and quality in real-world projects.
PR Size Guidelines
Why it matters: Large PRs slow down reviews, discourage feedback, and increase the risk of bugs slipping in.
Best practice:
Aim for PRs under 400 lines of code whenever possible (based on industry studies).
Group changes logically by feature, bug fix, or refactor.
Break big updates into multiple smaller PRs.
PR Metrics to Track
High-performing teams often measure PRs to spot bottlenecks and improve workflows. Useful metrics include:
Time to first review: How long it takes before someone starts reviewing.
Total time to merge: From PR creation to merge.
PR size distribution: Average lines changed per PR.
Review coverage: Percentage of PRs reviewed by at least one teammate.
(Tip: GitHub Insights, GitLab Analytics, or third-party tools like LinearB can track these.)
Automation & Bots in PR Workflows
Linting & formatting bots (e.g., ESLint, Prettier) → reduce nitpicks.
Dependency update bots (e.g., Dependabot, Renovate) → keep packages current.
CI/CD pipelines → run tests, security scans, and build checks automatically.
Auto-merge tools and AI-assisted reviews → merge approved PRs once checks pass.
Automation frees reviewers to focus on logic and design instead of style or boilerplate.
Scaling PRs in Large Teams
For bigger organizations or open-source projects:
Code owners: Assign reviewers automatically based on file ownership.
Review rotations: Spread workload fairly among team members.
Approval requirements: Enforce 1–2 mandatory reviewers.
Branch protection rules: Prevent merges without tests and approvals.
Draft PRs: Share early work-in-progress for feedback before final review.
Pull Request: What Developers Have To Say?
Reddit Voices on “What’s a Pull Request?”
From r/Frontend: “To do that you raise a Pull request which will ‘pull’ your changes from your branch into the main / development / whatever branch.”
From r/explainlikeimfive: “Here’s some code I’ve written. Take a look and, if you think it’s good enough, please pull it into the main codebase.”
These quotes from the developer community offer simple and relatable explanations of what a Pull Request entails, highlighting the request aspect and the intention behind it – to have one's code changes accepted and integrated into the main project.
Conclusion
In conclusion, what is a PR in coding? A Pull Request is a fundamental feature in modern collaborative software development. It serves as a formal proposal to merge code changes from a development branch into another branch, typically the main or development branch of a repository. More than just a technical step, the Pull Request process facilitates crucial code reviews, encourages discussion and feedback, and ultimately contributes to better code quality and more stable software.
By providing a structured workflow for integrating contributions, Pull Requests are invaluable tools for engineering teams. We encourage all developers to embrace and effectively utilize Pull Requests as a cornerstone of their collaborative efforts, enabling them to build better software, together.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1) What does PR mean in coding?
It stands for Pull Request. A Pull Request is a request to merge your code changes from your development branch into another branch (usually a main or development branch). It initiates a code review process.
2) What does PR stand for in programming?
In programming and software development, PR stands for Pull Request. The term is used consistently across the industry.
3) What is a PR code?
"PR code" refers to the specific code changes that have been submitted within a Pull Request. It is the set of modifications (additions, deletions, and updates) that are being proposed for review and integration.
4) What does PR mean in tech?
In the context of software development, PR means Pull Request. In other areas of the tech industry, PR can stand for other things, like Public Relations. However, for development teams, it almost always refers to the code collaboration process.
5) Do I need to use Pull Requests if I’m coding alone?
Not necessarily, but it’s a good habit! While Pull Requests are designed for team collaboration, using them on a solo project lets you review your own changes before adding them to your main codebase. This can help you catch bugs and keep your project history clean and organized. It's great practice for when you do work on a team.
